Glossary

“E” Dimension: The neck’s external diameter of a bottle with thread. The diameter of the neck (thread) is measured from the point where the line of the thread starts to the other end.

“H” Dimension: The height of the container nozzle measured from the sealed surface, in parallel line with the nozzle axis, downwards where the line makes the intersection with the containers’ body (shoulders). The internal height of a cap, measured from its lower part, in a tangent line with the lines of the thread finishing in the interior.

“I. D.”: Abbreviation for Internal Diameter.

“I” Dimension: It is a minimum internal diameter specified in the bottle’s neck. This is to allow enough amplitude in order to have the tubes of the filling lines entering and coming out without troubles.

“S” Dimension: It locates the position of the thread lines of a container regarding to the sealed surface. It is the vertical distance from the sealed surface to the intersection with the end of the container’s wall and with the first of the thread lines where it starts to form the border of the complete line.

“T” Dimension: Exterior diameter of the thread spiral of a container’s neck.

A

Amber: It is a dark (Brown) color used in plastic and glass containers. Its usage is mainly to protect the container content from being affected by the light.

Antioxidant: Chemical substance added to a plastic resin to minimize or prevent the effects from the oxygen on the plastic. The chemical effects generated by the oxygen may weak the walls of a container and even make it lose their properties.

Antistatic Agent: Chemical substance applied to an object with plastic surface. The agent makes the plastic object’s surface less susceptible to the accumulation of electrostatic charge that attract and retain dust and trash on the plastic objects’ surface.

B

Blast Extrusion: Starting from a tube or line in a continuous way, this is cut and pressed by a refrigerated mold, then through the introduction of pressurized air in its interior it takes the shape of the mold.

Blast Injection: In this technique, the material is in melted state is injected through one or several nozzles in a first mold. It forms a cavity called “Preform”. It gets cooled down to temperatures in which the material is still moldable and it is contained in the molds which will give the shape to the container. It is blasted with pressurized air and it is stretched.

Burrs: It is the excess of plastic resulting from the manufacture. This excess must be removed before it is considered a finished product.

C

Capacity of spillage: Maximum capacity of the container top, including the space of the expansion chamber.

Capacity: The amount of space assigned inside a container or recipient for an specific product.

Cavity: It is the number of molds (stations) within a mold.

Clarity: Property of the plastic resins to allow visibility into the interior.

Cavity: Number of molds (stations) into a mold.

Concentrate of Color: It is a measured portion of pigment (coloring) added to a certain quantity of plastic. Afterwards it is mixed in higher quantities of plastic resins used to manufacture containers. The concentrate is applied to the material sack (resin) which is measured in percentage with the purpose of having each part with the same tone and the same pigment percentage.

Continuous Thread: An interrupted line in the neck of a container or bottle. It is used to fasten a threaded cap.

Contraction: It is the change in dimensions (decreasing) that an item has after having been molded. The contraction may be for the bad cooling of the part.

D

Deburring: Technical or method to remove the excess of non desired material of any plastic item. Specially, the excess of material is removed from the joints of any container where the mold closes.

Decoloration: It is any change on the original color. This is caused for the frequent overheating, radiation, contact with chemicals, acids and contact with light.

Density: It is the weight per unit volume of a substance. The density is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter, pounds per cubic foot, etc.

E

Expansion chamber: It is the space between the filling level of the container and the sealed surface.

F

Filling Capacity: It is the level at which the container must be filled in. It is designated for its content.

Fluorine: It is an additional process in which the thermo plastic item (container or cap) is exposed to the fluoride gas. This process substitutes with some hydrogen the atoms of the polymer chain, creating a barrier. The benefit includes the improvements in the properties of the barrier and reduces the solvent absorption.

Foamed Liner: Foamed material, usually polyethylene, which is over or adhered (it can vary). This material offsets any irregularity regarding to the containers’ sealed or closure.

H

HDPE: Abbreviation of High Density Polyethylene.

Hole: Part used to complement the processes of some containers as droppers, caps, dosing, etc.

I

Injection Molds: Mold in which a plasticized material is introduced from outside at temperatures sufficiently high to be molded.

L

LDPE: Abbreviation of Low Density Polyethylene.

Leak Tests: Any testing method in which the plastic item is under different types of handling in a determined number of times, to be sure if there are leaks or if the impact test fails.

M

Mold: Cavity or matrix in which it is introduced and worked the raw material and the design of the item. In this case, it is plastic and it takes a shape.

Molding by Injection: Procedure where the plastic is hot and softened and it is forced from a cylinder to a cold cavity where it takes the desired shape.

O

Opaque: A term describing a matter or substance which does not allow the flow of light.

Orientation: Alignment of the crystalline in polymer materials to produce an structure with a uniform quality. It can be completed by a cooling or stretching process during manufacturing.

P

Pantone: It refers to the number or code in a color guide when it is required to make a pigmentation of an specific color.

Permeability: The flow or diffusion of gas, steam, liquid, or solid through a barrier without affecting physically or chemically.

PET: Abbreviation of Polyethylene Terephthalate. It is known as a thermo plastic of polyester. PET has the capacity of being transformed and used for several uses.

Polyethylene: A thermo plastic made of ethylene polymers. Usually it is translucent, resistant, and it is not affected by water.

Polystyrene A clear, rigid, opaque, and fragile thermo plastic produce by the polymerization of styrene.

Preform: Very similar to a test tube with thread formed by the heating and cooling of the resin. Then it is blasted with hot air in a blasting mold until it adopts the desired shape.

PVC: Abbreviation of Polyvinyl chloride. It is a thermo plastic material of polymers of Polyvinyl chloride. It is solid without color, non water resistant, alcohols, and concentrate acids.

R

Raw Material: In this order it is called raw materials to the resins used for the manufacture of containers and caps.

Resin: Any kind of products or synthetic or natural solid or semi solid origin, generally of a high molecular weight. Most resins are polymers.

Resins with Barriers: Group of resins specially formulated to resist the transmission of oxygen, water, solvents, oils, etc.

Resistance to Impact: Relative susceptibility of plastics to break because of the impact. It varies depending on the type of the containers’ design and its composition.

Resistance to Light: The ability of plastic to bear the light exposure; usually sunlight or ultraviolet, without changing color or losing physical or chemical properties.

S

Seat: Lower part of the bottle between the containers’ walls.

Sensitive Seal: Additional wrapping seal placed over the container nozzle, before or during the cap application. Its function is to show that the container has not been opened after it has been sealed.

T

Treatment of the surface: Any method of treating plastic to alter the surface and convert it to resist inks, painting, lacquers, adhesives, etc.

V

Volume: Exterior diameter of the spiral of the thread spiral of a container’s neck.

W

Weight: Quantity of weight in grams assigned in a plastic item (container or cap). Depending on the weight of the part it can vary the resistance to impact, hardness, quality, etc.